Tag: Health Conditions

  • Heat Exhaustion & Heat Stroke

    First Aid

    Sweat evaporates from the skin to cool the body. If this personal cooling system does not work right or fails to work, heat exhaustion or a heat stroke can occur.

    Heat exhaustion is a warning that the body is getting too hot. With a heat stroke, body organs start to overheat. They will stop working if they get hot enough. If it is not treated, a heat stroke can result in death.

    Signs & Symptoms

    For a Heat Stroke

    These signs and symptoms can occur suddenly with little warning:

    *  Very high temperature (104ºF or higher).

    *  Hot, dry, red skin. No sweating.

    *  Deep breathing and fast pulse. Then shallow breathing and weak pulse.

    *  Confusion. Hallucinations.

    *  Convulsions.

    *  Loss of consciousness.

    For Heat Exhaustion

    *  Normal, low, or only slightly elevated body temperature.

    *  Cool, clammy, pale skin. Sweating.

    *  Dry mouth. Thirst.

    *  Fatigue. Weakness. Feeling dizzy.

    *  Headache.

    *  Nausea. Vomiting can occur.

    *  Muscle cramps.

    *  Weak or rapid pulse.

    Causes

    Anything that keeps the body’s natural cooling system from working right can lead to heat exhaustion and heat stroke. This includes:

    *  Extreme heat and humidity.

    *  Being in places without fans or air conditioners during hot, humid weather.

    *  Not being able to get to public air-conditioned places. Waiting for a bus or other type of public transportation in hot, humid weather.

    *  Overdressing.

    *  Changes in the skin due to aging.

    *  Poor circulation. Heart, lung, and/or kidney disease.

    *  Not being able to sweat due to medicines, such as water pills and some used for mental illnesses.

    *  Alcohol or drug use.

    *  Any illness that causes weakness, fever, vomiting, or diarrhea.

    Treatment

    A heat stroke is a medical emergency.

    Heat exhaustion may respond to self-care measures. If not, medical care is needed.

    Prevention

    *  Drink lots of liquids, especially if your urine is dark yellow. Drink water, sport drinks, such as Gatorade, etc.

    *  Do not stay in or leave anyone in a closed, parked car during hot weather.

    *  Don’t have drinks with alcohol or caffeine.

    *  Use caution when you are in the sun. At the first sign of heat exhaustion, get out of the sun. If you can, avoid midday heat. Do not do vigorous activity during the hottest part of the day (11:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.).

    *  Wear light, loose-fitting clothing, such as cotton, so sweat can evaporate. Wear a wide-brimmed hat with vents. Use an umbrella for shade.

    *  If you feel very hot, try to cool off. Open a window. Use a fan. Go to an air-conditioned place.

    *  Check with your doctor about sun exposure if you take:

    – Water pills.

    – Mood-altering medicines.

    – Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline.

    Questions to Ask

    Self-Care / First Aid

    First Aid for a Heat Stroke

    Call 9-1-1!

    Before Emergency Care Arrives

    *  Move the person to a cool place indoors or under a shady tree. Place the feet higher than the head to avoid shock.

    *  Remove clothing. Either wrap the person in a cold, wet sheet; sponge the person with towels or sheets that are soaked in cold water; or spray the person with cool water. Fan the person.

    *  Put ice packs or cold compresses on the neck, under the armpits, and on the groin area.

    *  Once the person’s temperature gets to 101ºF, place him or her in the Recovery Position. Do not lower the temperature further.

    *  Don’t give fever reducing medicine.

    *  Don’t use rubbing alcohol.

    First Aid for Heat Exhaustion

    *  Move to a cool place indoors or in the shade. Lie down.

    *  Loosen clothing.

    *  Drink fluids, such as cool or cold water. Add 1/2 teaspoon of salt to 1 quart of water. Sip this. Or, drink sport drinks, such as Gatorade, etc.

    *  Have salty foods, such as saltine crackers, if you tolerate them.

    *  Massage and stretch cramped muscles.

    Healthier at Home book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Lactose Intolerance

    Abdominal & Urinary Conditions

    Image of various of different dairy products.

    Lactose is the natural sugar in milk. A person with lactose intolerance lacks enough of the enzyme, lactase, to digest this sugar.

    Signs & Symptoms

    *  Nausea.

    *  Cramps.

    *  Bloating.

    *  Gas.

    *  Diarrhea.

    These symptoms start about 30 minutes to 2 hours after you eat or drink foods with lactose.

    Causes

    *  The body can’t make the enzyme lactase. This can occur from birth or over time.

    *  Digestive diseases.

    *  Injury to the small intestine.

    Asian Americans, African Americans, and American Indians are more prone to lactose intolerance.

    Treatment

    Symptoms can be controlled with self-care measures.

    Questions to Ask

    Self-Care / Prevention

    *  Eat fewer dairy foods. Some people with lactose intolerance can tolerate dairy foods if they have small amounts at a time.

    *  Have lactose-free dairy products. Have ones that reduce lactose with bacterial cultures. Examples are buttermilk, yogurt, and acidophilus milks.

    *  Take over-the-counter drops or pills that have the enzyme lactase when you have dairy foods.

    *  If the above measures don’t help, don’t have products with milk, milk solids, and dairy whey. Have soy milk instead. Products marked “parve” are milk free.

    *  Read food labels. Many food products contain small amounts of lactose. These include bread and other baked goods, instant mashed potatoes, breakfast and diet drinks and bars, and mixes for biscuits, cookies, and pancakes.

    Healthier at Home book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • A Simple Remedy For Prickly Heat

    Skin Conditions

    Image of women sitting in grass field on sunny summer day.

    Feeling hot and sticky is bad enough. A visible sign of discomfort only makes it worse. Such is the case with prickly heat (also known as heat rash), identified by clusters of small blisters that itch and appear where you perspire the heaviest – the armpits, neck, back, or creases in the elbows (but not the face).

    Hot, humid weather, sensitive skin, and excess weight all aggravate prickly heat. Here are some simple ways to find relief:

    *  Wear loose, lightweight clothing.

    *  Dust the affected area with cornstarch.

    *  Take cool baths to reduce itching.

    *  Avoid hot, humid environments and stay in air-conditioned places, if possible.

    The key to managing prickly heat is to avoid sweating by staying in a cool environment. The rash will disappear in a couple of days.

    A Year of Health Hints book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Sleep Disorders & Snoring

    General Health Conditions

    Not getting enough sleep can cause you to be sleepy during the day. It can make you less able to function. Snoring and sleep disorders can cause these problems, too.

    Insomnia

    Signs & Symptoms

    *  Having trouble falling asleep. Waking up in the middle of the night. Waking up too early and not being able to get back to sleep.

    *  Feeling like you didn’t get enough sleep.

    Causes

    *  Too much caffeine. Drinking alcohol and/or smoking before bedtime.

    *  Too much noise when falling asleep.

    *  Emotional stress. Depression. Anxiety. The manic phase of bipolar disorder.

    *  Fibromyalgia.

    *  Over active thyroid gland.

    *  Any condition, illness, injury, or surgery that causes enough pain or discomfort to interrupt sleep. Heart or lung conditions that cause shortness of breath when lying down. Side effects of some medicines, such as over-the-counter diet pills or decongestants.

    *  Changes in sleep/wake schedules, such as with work shift changes and jet lag.

    *  In children, nightmares or bed-wetting.

    Treatment

    *  Self-care and prevention tips.

    *  Treating the problem.

    *  Prescribed short-acting sleeping pills.

    Self-Care / Prevention

    *  Avoid caffeine for 8 hours before bedtime.

    *  Avoid long naps during the day.

    *  Have no more than 1 alcoholic drink with or after dinner.

    *  Avoid using electronic devices, such as a laptop computer before falling asleep and in the middle of the night. The type of light that emits from these devices makes it hard to fall asleep.

    *  Avoid nicotine. Don’t smoke. Stay away from secondhand smoke.

    *  Get regular exercise, but not within a few hours of going to bed.

    *  Before bedtime, take a warm bath or read a book, etc. Avoid things that hold your attention, such as watching a suspense movie.

    *  Keep your bedroom quiet, dark, and comfortable.

    *  Follow a bedtime routine. Lock or check doors and windows, brush your teeth, etc.

    *  Count sheep! Picture a repeated image. Doing this may bore you to sleep.

    *  Listen to recordings that help promote sleep.

    *  Take over-the- counter sleep aids, (e.g., melatonin, Tylenol PM, etc.) as advised by your doctor. Don’t take anyone else’s sleeping pills.

    *  If you wake up and can’t get back to sleep or can’t fall asleep, after 30 minutes, get out of bed. Read a relaxing book or sit quietly in the dark. In about 20 minutes, go back to bed. Do this as many times as needed.

    Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) and Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS)

    Signs & Symptoms

    *  Creeping, crawling, pulling and/or painful feelings in one or both legs.

    *  Jerking or bending leg movements that you can’t control during sleep.

    Causes

    The cause is not known. These factors play a role:

    *  Family history of RLS.

    *  The last months of a pregnancy.

    *  Chronic diseases, such as kidney failure, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.

    Treatment

    *  Self-care and prevention tips.

    *  Prescribed medicines to control symptoms.

    *  A type of electric nerve stimulation.

    Self-Care / Prevention

    *  Take medications as prescribed. Let your doctor know if the medicine no longer helps.

    *  For relief, move the legs. Walk, rub, or massage them or do knee bends.

    *  Limit or avoid caffeine.

    *  Take a warm bath before bedtime.

    Sleep Apnea

    Signs & Symptoms

    *  Loud snoring and snorting sounds while sleeping on the back.

    *  Repeated periods when breathing stops 10 or more seconds during sleep.

    *  Waking up many times during the night. Excessive daytime sleepiness.

    *  Exhaustion. Hard time concentrating. Acting very cranky. Depression or other mental changes.

    *  Early morning headaches.

    Causes

    *  Too much muscle tissue is in the airway or the tissue relaxes and sags. These things narrow or block the airway. Persons who snore loudly and are overweight are more prone to these problems.

    *  A physical problem in the nose or upper airway.

    Treatment

    The goal is to keep the airway open during sleep. This is done with self-care measures and one of these treatments:

    *  A mouth guard dental device custom made by a dentist. This is worn during sleep. It pushes the lower jaw forward to open the air passage behind the tongue.

    *  A nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device. Pressure from an air blower forces air through the nasal passages using a mask worn over the nose during sleep.

    *  Surgery to correct the cause of the airway obstruction.

    Self-Care / Prevention

    *  Lose weight, if you are overweight.

    *  Don’t drink alcohol. Don’t use tobacco products.

    *  Don’t take sleeping pills or sedatives.

    *  Use methods, such as those listed under Self-Care / Prevention – For Snoring to keep from sleeping on your back.

    Snoring

    Signs & Symptoms

    *  Loud sounds. Harsh breathing. Snorting sounds. These occur during sleep.

    Causes

    *  Sleeping on the back. The tongue falls back toward the throat and partly closes the airway.

    *  Nasal congestion from allergies or colds. Smoking. Drinking alcohol. Taking sedatives. Overeating (especially before bedtime).

    *  Sleep apnea or chronic respiratory disease.

    *  An obstructed airway. This can be due to enlarged tonsils or being overweight.

    *  Changes in hormones, such as during menopause or the last month of pregnancy.

    Treatment

    Self-care treats most cases. Other options are:

    *  Wearing a dental device that holds the jaw in a forward position.

    *  Surgery, if needed, to correct the problem.

    *  Treatment for sleep apnea, if needed.

    Self-Care / Prevention

    *  Sleep on your side. Prop an extra pillow behind your back so you won’t roll over. Sleep on a narrow sofa for a few nights to get used to staying on your side.

    *  Sew a large marble or tennis ball into a pocket on the back of your pajamas. This can help you stay on your side when you sleep.

    *  If you must sleep on your back, raise the head of the bed 6 inches on bricks or blocks. Or buy a wedge that is made to be placed between the mattress and box spring to elevate the head section.

    *  Lose weight, if you are overweight. Excess fatty tissue in the throat can cause snoring. Losing 10% of your body weight will help.

    *  Don’t smoke. If you do, quit. Limit or don’t have alcohol, sedatives, or a heavy meal within 3 hours of bedtime.

    *  To relieve nasal congestion, try a decongestant before you go to bed.

    *  Get rid of allergens in the bedroom. These include dust, down-filled (feathered) pillows, and down-filled bed linen.

    *  Try over-the-counter “nasal strips.” These keep the nostrils open and lift them up. This helps lessen congestion in nasal passages.

    Questions to Ask

    How Much Sleep is Needed?

    *  Adults need between 7 and 9 hours of sleep each night.

    *  Teens need at least 8-1/2 to 9-1/4 hours of sleep each night.

    *  After 6 months of age, most children sleep between 9 and 12 hours at night. Up to age 5, children may also take daytime naps for a total of 1/2 to 2 hours a day.

    Resources

    National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (NCSDR)

    301.435.0199

    www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/ncsdr

    National Sleep Foundation

    703.243.1697

    www.sleepfoundation.org

    Healthier at Home book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Uv Safety

    Skin Conditions

    Man holding sun block in hand with sun screen on face.

    Exposure to the sun’s UV rays causes most skin cancers. Even a few serious sunburns can raise the risk.

    Limit exposure to the sun. When in the sun, wear sun screen and lip balm with a sun protective factor (SPF) of 30 or higher.

    Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comes in three forms: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVA and UVB rays cause skin and eye damage. UVC rays don’t reach the earth.

    UV rays also reflect off of surfaces like water, sand, and snow.

    Use sun screens that protect against both UVA and UVB rays. Choose eyewear that absorbs 99-100% of both UVA and UVB rays. Wrap-around sunglasses work best because they block UV rays from sneaking in from the side.

    High doses of UVA radiation comes from tanning beds.

    For the look of a tan, use sunless tanning lotions, sprays, and bronzers, instead of sun bathing, tanning beds, and sun lamps.

    Health at Home Lifetime book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Back In Action

    MEDICAL NEWS

    Image of older women holding her back in pain.

    Back pain. In the last 3 months, about 1 in 4 adults has had at least one day of back pain, mostly in the lower back, according to NIH in Health.

    The good news is that most back pain goes away by itself-in time. If pain continues for more than 3 months, you have chronic back pain. If doctors can find out the source of your pain, you may be treated effectively with certain surgeries.

    But even chronic pain can clear up without surgery. Don’t let the pain take over. Doctors advise:

    *  Stay active and maintain a healthy weight.

    *  Stretch before exercise or other strenuous physical activity.

    *  Don’t slouch when standing or sitting.

    *  Make sure your work surface is at a comfortable height for you.

    *  Wear comfortable, low-heeled shoes.

    *  Lift, if you must, with your back straight, bend at the knees, and put the stress on your legs and hips.

    *  Don’t smoke.

    *  Talk with your doctor to make sure you’re getting enough calcium and vitamin D.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Germs: Just Don’t Share Them

    WORK LIFE

    Image of hands being wash with soap and water.

    If you must go to work or do necessary errands with a minor illness, follow these tips from the CDC to help prevent the spread of germs:

    *  Wash your hands often with soap and running water. Wash your hands after blowing your nose and using the bathroom.

    *  Cough or sneeze into a tissue and throw it away. If you do not have a tissue, cough or sneeze into your elbow, not your hand.

    *  Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Nail The Infection

    SELF-CARE CORNER

    Image of a women's feet.

    Despite the wealth of over-the-counter products available that claim to treat fungal nail infections (in the toenails and sometimes in the fingernails), the only way to cure an infection is to see a skin doctor (a dermatologist).

    Over-the-counter topical medications don’t penetrate the nail and therefore aren’t as effective as oral prescriptions. A dermatologist can prescribe the proper drugs to get rid of the fungi that are the problem in yellowing and misshapen nails.

    One of the best ways to deal with fungal nail infections is to prevent them from happening. The fungi love warm, damp environments around swimming pools and gym locker rooms-and inside your warm, sweaty socks.

    The best way to nail a nail infection is to keep your feet clean and dry and wear sandals in public shower areas.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Skin Check

    SELF-CARE CORNER

    Close-up image of a person checking to see if they have any skin moles on their hand.

    It is important to understand what will help prevent skin cancer and what might actually increase your risk, according to Caliber I.D., a company that makes diagnostic lab instruments.

    Fact: All skin types and ethnic groups can develop skin cancer. While it is true that Caucasians have a greater risk of skin-related cancer, everyone should protect their skin against the sun’s harmful rays.

    Although fair-skinned people can often easily see stage 1 melanoma (dark spots, changing or new moles) and other cancers, darker skin makes catching it in the early stages more unlikely. Also, darker-skinned people tend to develop a more lethal type of melanoma that develops on the soles of the feet, between the toes, and on the palms of the hands.

    Let your health care provider know if you have any of these signs.

    Chart showing the different types of skin cancers.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • What Do You Do 100 Times A Day?

    WELL-BEING

    Image of man on his smart phone.

    You check your smartphone 100 times a day, or spend 2 or more hours every day on a digital device, says The Vision Council. The result: digital eye strain.

    Digital eye strain-experienced by a majority of American adults-is characterized as temporary physical discomfort such as redness, irritation or dry eyes, blurred vision, eye fatigue, back and neck pain, and headaches.

    Several environmental factors can contribute to the condition, including the size of the text on screens, time spent at devices, posture, computer setup, existing vision issues, and the blue light emitted from digital screens and lighting.

    Relieve digital eye strain this way:

    *  Remember the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.

    *  Build an optimal workspace to lessen stressors-this includes adjusting lighting, computer screen height, and your posture.

    *  Increase the text size on your devices to better define the content on your screen.

    *  Visit an eye care provider to learn more about computer eyewear and lens options that can help reduce symptoms of digital eye strain and improve vision

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine