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  • Sexual Changes With Aging

    Sexual Health

    Physical Changes

    Sexual health can be affected by many conditions. These include:

    *  Certain medicines. Ask your doctor if medicines you take affect your sexual response.

    *  Alcohol

    *  Heart attack

    *  Stroke

    *  Diabetes

    *  Arthritis

    *  HIV and STIs

    *  Multiple sclerosis

    *  Parkinson’s disease

    *  Cancer and side effects of cancer treatment

    *  Surgery that involves the sex organs, such as a hysterectomy

    Physical Changes For Men:

    *  It may take longer to get an erection and to ejaculate.

    *  Erections may not be as hard or as large as in earlier years.

    *  The feeling that an ejaculation is about to happen may be shorter.

    *  After an ejaculation, more time needs to pass to get a second erection.

    *  Some males find they need more manual stimulation.

    *  The chances for erectile dysfunction (ED) increase.

    Physical Changes For Women:

    *  The vagina is drier. The walls of the vagina get thinner and less elastic. These can make sex uncomfortable.

    *  It may take longer to feel aroused.

    *  Orgasms can be shorter or less intense than in years past.

    Emotional Changes

    How people feel can affect what they are able to do.

    *  As persons age, they may feel more anxious about their appearance or ability to perform. This can interfere with the ability to enjoy sex.

    *  Not having a partner through choice, divorce, or death may make it difficult to deal with sexual feelings. Masturbation can bring sexual pleasure, but persons who have been taught that it is wrong are reluctant to do it.

    *  A lack of sexual desire can result in having sex less often. This may be due to lower hormone levels or having an illness or a disability.

    Some changes that come with aging can result in positive emotional changes:

    *  After menopause, both men and women may feel less anxious about having sex because they don’t have to worry about a pregnancy.

    *  A woman may get more sexual pleasure due to having a drier, thinner, and smaller vagina which allows her to feel more friction and stimulation during sex.

    *  A couple may have more time and privacy for sex if their children are grown and spend less time at home.

    Self-Care

    Tips for Sexual Health:

    *  Have sex often. Have sex when you are less tired, such as in the morning.

    *  Express your needs. Let your partner express his or her needs, too. Talk about your fears, fantasies, etc.

    *  Spend more time on foreplay. Let your partner know where and how you want to be touched.

    *  Take the pressure off your partner. Tell him or her that you know sex can take longer. Express your need for intimacy, not just performance.

    *  Avoid or limit alcohol. A little alcohol can act as an aphrodisiac. Too much can interfere with sex and lead to unsafe sex.

    *  Ask your doctor or pharmacist if any medicines you take can affect your sex life. Find out if another medicine can be used without this side effect.

    *  Stay as physically fit as you can. This allows more energy for sex.

    *  To help prevent possible problems with sexual satisfaction, follow your doctor’s advice for a chronic illness.

    *   Give each other a massage or take a shower together.

    *  Keep the T.V. out of the bedroom.

    *  Plan time to be alone together and for sex. This promotes intimacy.

    – Make a point to spend at least 15 minutes of uninterrupted time with your partner each day.

    – Express your affection for each other every day.

    – Spend part of a day alone together at least once a week. Make a date to take a walk in the park, go out for dinner, or share other activities you both enjoy. Schedule time away together when you can.

    – Go to bed at the same time.

    Tips for Men:

    *  See “Causes” and “Self-Care/Prevention” for “Erectile Dysfunction (ED)”.

    *  Talk to your doctor about your concerns. Be open and honest.

    Tips for Women:

    *  Discuss hormone therapy with your doctor. Estrogen can help with vaginal dryness. It can help thicken the walls of the vagina.

    *  Use a water-soluble lubricant, such as K-Y Jelly, Replens, etc. Don’t use oil or petroleum-based products. These encourage infection.

    *  Remain sexually active. Having sex often may lessen the chance of having the vagina constrict, helps keep natural lubrication, and maintains pelvic muscle tone. This includes reaching orgasm with a partner or alone.

    *  If you can, avoid using antihistamines. They dry mucus membranes in the body.

    *  Don’t use deodorant soaps or scented products in the vaginal area.

    When to Seek Medical Care

    Contact Doctor When:

    *  You have pain or bleeding during sex.

    *  You have signs and symptoms of an STI.

    *  You have sexual problems due to an illness, surgery, injury, or erectile dysfunction.

    *  You continue to have sexual problems after using self-care.

    Health at Home Lifetime book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Sexual Assault

    Sexual Health

    Sexual assault is an unlawful act that may involve the touching of intimate body parts, sexual intimidation, or forced sexual penetration. This includes sexual intercourse, oral sex, and digital penetration. Rape is forced sexual intercourse. Force may be by verbal threats, physical restraint, or violence. Stalking is defined as repeated, obsessive, fear-inducing behavior that makes the victim afraid or concerned for his or her safety.

    A study funded by the Department of Justice found that sexual assault and stalking of college females are widespread and grossly underestimated. U.S. statistics report:

    *  About 3% of coeds are raped during each academic year. Over the course of 5 calendar years, including summers and vacations, 20- 25% may be raped.

    *  Nationally, an additional 15.5% of college females are sexually victimized (e.g., sexual contact is completed with force or threat of non-physical force, threat of rape, or threat of contact).

    *  Nationally, 13.1% of coeds are stalked an average of 60 days during an academic year.

    *  Nationally, less than 5% of completed and attempted rapes of college females are reported to the police or campus officials. About 67% of the victims tell a friend.

    *  Nine out of 10 victims knew their assailant. {Note: Almost all sexual assaults on college campuses are acquaintance rapes and, in most cases, at least one of the persons involved is under the influence of alcohol or another drug.}

    *  Between 3 and 6% of male university students reported being raped and up to 25% reported being sexually assaulted. Only about 1% of male rape victims reported it to the police.

    Safety Tips to Reduce the Chances for Sexual Assault

    Be aware of the risks of date rape with drinking alcohol. About 75% of male students who take part in acquaintance rape had been drinking; about 55% of female students had.

    *  The best defense is to not drink. If you drink, limit alcohol intake.

    *  Don’t drink anything you have not brought or opened yourself. Don’t drink from another person’s container, from a punch bowl, beer bong, etc. When at a bar or club, accept drinks only from a bartender or waiter.

    *  Keep your drink in your hand and under your watch at all times. If needed, have a friend watch your drink. Do the same for your friend(s).

    *  Don’t drink alcohol in a high-risk setting for sexual assault (e.g., frat house or team parties or with persons you don’t know and/or trust).

    Be aware of these “date-rape” drugs, which have no odor or color when mixed with drinks:

    *  Rohypnol. The effects of this drug can last 6 to 8 hours. This drug is added to drinks and punches at parties, raves, etc., usually to lower sexual inhibitions in females. When mixed with alcohol or other drugs, Rohypnol can cause death.

    *  GHB and GLB. The effects of this drug can last about 8 hours. If you have had this drug, you may wake up partially clothed with no recollection of a sexual assault. GHB is often made in homes with recipes and ingredients found and purchased on the Internet. GHB can cause death.

    Consider using a coaster or test strip made to detect date rape drugs in drinks before you take a sip. An example is Drink Safe Coaster™ by Drink Safe Technology. For information, contactwww.drinksafetech.com. If you suspect you have been drugged, keep a sample of your drink. Get help immediately. Have a friend help you get medical care. Call EMS, if necessary. Get tested for the drug within 12 hours of the suspected incident at a hospital emergency department.

    Do not have sex with a person who is under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs which compromise consent. Also, look out for the safety of your friends and yourself and don’t put yourself in vulnerable situations.

    *  Alert your female friends (and the authorities)to rumors of guys using date-rape drugs.

    *  Don’t assume that anyone under the influence is “too nice a guy” to commit sexual assault. Intervene on a friend’s behalf (e.g., walk her out of a party, take her to a safe place, etc.).

    *  Know your sexual limitations and communicate them both verbally and nonverbally. If you sense you are being pressured to have sex and don’t want to, state your position clearly. Say “NO” emphatically when you mean “NO!” Be aware, too, that a female/partner does not need to say the word “NO” to mean “NO.” Listen for words like, “I’m just not ready,” “We’re going too fast,” etc. The female/partner may be afraid to say “NO.”

    *  Attend your school’s classes, etc. on preventing acquaintance rape, sexual assault, etc. Take a class in self-defense.

    *  Carry a cell phone with you to call for help, if needed.

    *  Avoid being alone, especially in unsafe situations and with strangers and persons you don’t know well or feel safe with.

    *  Keep the doors to your home and car locked. Don’t open doors to strangers. Don’t tell strangers that you are alone.

    If Rape Occurs

    *  Do not shower, clean or wash up in any way, or change clothing before you go to the hospital emergency department. Doing so could destroy evidence (e.g., blood type, hair samples, etc.) which may not be legally acceptable if collected later than 72 hours after the rape. If you have removed clothes worn at the time of the rape, put them in a paper bag and take them with you to the E.R.

    *  Get medical or police help right away. (Date-rape drugs may not be detectable after 12 hours.) Go to the E.R. Recall and write down as many details as you can. Report the rapist’s age, height, weight, race, hair color, clothing worn, noticeable body marks, tattoos, etc. If a vehicle was involved, report its type, color, license plate, etc. Take a friend with you for comfort and support. At the E.R., you will get information about health care providers in your area who can help you after the E.R. visit. You will likely need their services at some point.

    *  Talk to the emergency care provider about emergency contraception and tests for STIs.

    *  Contact your campus Sexual Assault Crisis Center or call the Rape Crisis Hotline at 800.656.HOPE (4673).

    Healthier at Home book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Set Up Good Sleep Habits

    Student Health

    *  Plan ahead. Don’t start writing a paper the night before it is due or cram for a test the night before you have it. Doing these things starts a cycle of staying up all night and never catching up on sleep.

    *  Get at least 30 minutes of sunlight exposure daily.

    *  Get regular exercise, but not within a few hours of going to bed.

    *  If you have a roommate, discuss and decide when your room will be used for studying, socializing, and sleep.

    *  If your dorm is too noisy to sleep, talk to your resident advisor and/or learn to tune out the noise in order to get to sleep. If it helps, listen to soft music with earphones when you fall asleep. Wear earplugs, if necessary.

    *  Make your dorm room or bedroom as comfortable as possible. Create a quiet, dark atmosphere. Keep the room temperature comfortable (neither too warm nor too cold). Don’t wait longer than a week to change the sheets on your bed.

    *  Have food items rich in the amino acid  L-tryptophan, such as milk, turkey, or tuna fish, before you go to bed. Eating foods with carbohydrates, such as cereal, breads, and fruits may help as well. (Do not, however, take L-tryptophan supplements.)

    *  Develop a regular bedtime routine. Brush your teeth, lock or check doors and windows, get your backpack ready for the next day, etc. Try to go to bed and get up at the same time every day.

    *  Take a long, warm bath or shower before bedtime.

    *  Read a book or do some repetitive, calm activity. Avoid distractions that may hold your attention and keep you awake, such as watching a suspenseful movie.

    *  Avoid caffeine in all forms after lunchtime. Caffeine is in coffee, tea, chocolate, colas, other soft drinks, such as Mountain Dew, and some bottled water, such as Cup of Joe.

    *  Don’t take No-Doz. Avoid alcoholic beverages at dinnertime and during the rest of the evening, too. Even though alcohol is a sedative, it can disrupt sleep.

    *  Don’t take over-the-counter sleeping pills or friends’ or relatives’ sleeping pills. Only take sleep medicine with your health care provider’s permission.

    *  Count sheep! Picturing a repeated image may bore you to sleep.

    Student Self-Care book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Enhance Your Sense Of Taste

    Mature Health: Over Age 50

    Image of fresh foods and herbs, such as potatos, tomatoes, onions, etc.

    Adding a lot of salt to foods, eating more sweets, and finding meals less enjoyable are signs that your sense of taste is fading. As you age, you may lose up to 50 percent of your taste buds. But you don’t have to resign yourself to a diet that tastes dull and bland. You can take the following steps to perk up your sense of taste.

    *  Eat fresh foods instead of canned or processed items. Fresh-cooked foods are more flavorful and have more texture, which adds to the enjoyment of food.

    *  Pep up your vegetables with flavor enhancers like savory herbs, lemon juice, slivered almonds, and sliced onions instead of extra salt.

    *  Marinate meats and fish in salad dressings or fruit juices before cooking.

    *  Include tart foods and beverages like salt-free pickles, oranges, and lemonade in your meals.

    *  Think visually. Colorful foods, garnishes, and an attractive table setting make meals more appetizing.

    *  Bring chilled foods to room temperature before serving. Flavors are more pronounced when food is warm.

    A Year of Health Hints book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Self-Care Medicines & Supplies For Children

    Children’s Health

    Here is a list of medicines and other things you should keep at home.

    *  Store items in a handy, dry place, but out of children’s reach.

    *  Check the expiration dates often. Throw away and replace outdated items.

    *  Find out what kind and how much of each medicine you can give your child. Ask your child’s doctor. Ask the pharmacist. Read and understand the medicine’s label. Brand names are often listed. Store brands are just as good.

    Over-the-Counter Medicines

    *  Acetaminophen. An example is Children’s Tylenol®. Or have ibuprofen. Examples are Children’s Advil® and Children’s Motrin®. Stock the right kind for your child’s weight.

    *  Antihistamine tablets or syrup. An example is Benadryl®.

    *  Cough medicine. Ask your child’s doctor which one(s) you should stock.

    *  Decongestant tablets or liquid. Do not give to children under 2 years old. An example is Dimetapp®.

    Basic Supplies

    *  Antibiotic ointment.

    *  Antiseptic ointment or wipes.

    *  Bandages of different sizes.

    *  Eye dropper.

    *  Medicine spoon & dropper.

    *  Cold pack.

    *  Cotton-tipped swabs.

    *  Elastic wrap and closures.

    *  Flashlight.

    *  Roll of adhesive tape.

    *  Rubbing alcohol.

    *  Sterile gauze pads and a roll of gauze.

    *  Sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher.

    *  Thermometer (digital or ear).

    *  Tongue depressor.

    *  Toothache medicine. An example is Anbesol®.

    *  Tweezers.

    *  Vaporizer (cool mist).

    Children's Self-Care book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Seizures 2

    First Aid

    A seizure is a sudden “episode” caused by an electrical problem in the brain. With a seizure, a person has change in awareness, body movements, or sensation.

    Signs & Symptoms

    There are many types of seizures. Common types are:

    A Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizure

    This is also called a grand mal seizure. A convulsion occurs with this type. Signs of a convulsion include:

    *  Brief loss of consciousness. Falling down.

    *  The arms and legs stiffen, jerk, and twitch.

    *  This type usually lasts 1 to 2 minutes. When it ends, the person’s muscles relax. He or she may lose bladder control, be confused, have a headache, and fall asleep. This is the type most people think of with the word “seizure.”

    An Absence Seizure

    This is also called a petit mal seizure. A convulsion does not occur with this type. Signs of an absence seizure include:

    *  Blank stares. It looks like the person is daydreaming or not paying attention.

    *  Lip smacking. Repeated blinking, chewing or hand movements.

    *  This type of seizure usually lasts only a few seconds, but can occur many times a day. When the seizure ends, the person is not confused, but is not aware that the seizure occurred.

    *  Absence seizures are common in children and can result in learning problems.

    A Fever (Febrile) Seizure

    This type is brought on by a high fever in infants and small children. High fevers cause most seizures in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Signs are ones of a convulsion listed in the left column. Most febrile seizures last 1 to 2 minutes, but can last longer. Seeing a child have a febrile seizure causes alarm. In general, these seizures are harmless.

    Causes

    Causes include epilepsy (a brain disorder), infections that cause a high fever, heat stroke, and electric shock. Head injury, stroke, and toxic substances can also cause a seizure. Sometimes the cause of a seizure is not known.

    Treatment

    Seizure disorders are treated with medication. Other medical treatments may be needed.

    Questions to Ask

    Self-Care / First Aid

    For Seizures with Convulsions

    *  Stay calm. Protect the person from injury. Cushion the head with a pillow, a coat, etc. Move sharp objects out of the way.

    *  Loosen tight clothes, especially around the neck.

    *  If the person vomits, clear the mouth of it.

    *  Do not hold the person down or throw water on the face. Don’t put anything into the mouth. (A spoon in the mouth does not prevent tongue biting.)

    *  If the seizure in a child is due to a fever, start bringing the child’s temperature down as soon as the seizure stops. Sponge the child’s body with room temperature water. Do not put the child in a bathtub. Do not use ice. Do not use rubbing alcohol.

    *  Report how long the seizure lasts and the symptoms that occur.

    *  After the seizure, lay the person on his or her side. Let the person sleep. Check for a medical alert tag. Respond as needed. Do not embarrass the person.

    *  Call 9-1-1 (except for a febrile seizure or a seizure in a person you know has a seizure disorder).

    Febrile Seizure Prevention

    For a child who has had a febrile seizure in the past, give acetaminophen or ibuprofen at the first sign of a fever. Give the right kind and dose for his or her weight. Insert suppositories that lower fevers, instead, if prescribed by the child’s doctor. {Note: Don’t give aspirin to anyone less than 19 years old.}

    *  Dress the child in light, loose clothes.

    *  Apply washcloths rinsed in lukewarm (not cold) water to your child’s forehead and neck. Sponge the child’s arms, legs, and trunk with lukewarm water. Don’t use cold water, ice, or rubbing alcohol.

    *  Keep trying to bring the fever down until it is 101ºF or less.

    Healthier at Home book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • See The Light In Healthy Ways

    Eye Conditions

    Women wearing sunglasses with a huge smile.

    *  Compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) uses 75% less energy and last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, but contain tiny amounts of mercury. Recycle them according to your state’s guidelines. To safely dispose of a broken CFL, follow EPA guidelines fromepa.gov/hg.

    *  Wear eyewear that protects your eyes from ultraviolet (UV) light when it is sunny and even on cloudy days. Choose sunglasses that block 99 to 100% of both UVA and UVB rays.

    *  Wear a wide-brimmed hat during outdoor activities.

    *  Open blinds and curtains to let daylight fill rooms during the day.

    *  Install a skylight or solar panels for light and warmth and to save on cooling, heating, and lighting costs.

    *  Turn off lights when not in use. Install motion sensors, timers, and task lighting to save on light usage. One to two hours before bedtime, dim the lights.

    *  Wear protective eyewear during sporting events. Before mowing the lawn, look for and remove debris.

    Health at Home Lifetime book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Scoliosis

    Bone & Muscle Problems

    Image of women at doctor's office for her back.

    A Simple Solution to a Common Problem

    Coping with the normal physical changes that come with adolescence is trying enough. When out-of-the-ordinary physical changes occur, the problem is doubly discouraging. Such is the case with scoliosis. It generally shows up between the ages of 10 and 15, and affects girls seven to nine times more often than boys. In most cases, no one knows the cause.

    At first, scoliosis isn’t painful. But it slowly twists the upper portion of the spine. One shoulder may curve one way while the lower back twists another, so that the chest and back are distorted. The spine begins to rotate, and one side of the rib cage becomes more prominent. This is more obvious if the person bends forward at the waist, with the arms hanging freely. In fact, a doctor can detect scoliosis by asking the patient to assume that position during a routine physical or screening for scoliosis.

    Adults with scoliosis should watch for signs of it in their children.

    Scoliosis doesn’t always need treatment. In some cases, though, treatment is necessary to prevent heart and lung problems or back pain later in life.

    There are several treatment options.

    *  Wearing a molded body brace, hidden by clothing, is the most conservative approach. This brace is typically worn most of the day and night for several years. Because the spine grows rapidly during adolescence, wearing a brace at this time can arrest further abnormal curving.

    *  A special form of mild electrical stimulation to the spine.

    *  Surgery to straighten the spine. A thin steel rod is implanted alongside the spine.

    In most instances, scoliosis can be sufficiently treated so that the adolescent doesn’t suffer any complications as an adult.

    A Year of Health Hints book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Sars – Severe Acuterespiratory Syndrome

    Respiratory conditions

    SARS is a viral respiratory illness. It began in Asia in February 2003 and spread to other countries.

    Signs & Symptoms

    *  Fever higher than 100.4ºF.

    *  Headache. The body aches all over. Diarrhea may occur.

    *  Dry cough after 2 to 7 days.

    *  A hard time breathing and/or shortness of breath. Most persons develop pneumonia.

    Causes

    SARS is thought to be caused by a certain virus. It is spread by close contact with someone who has the virus. Most likely, this is through coughs and sneezes or from touching objects that have infectious droplets on them.

    Treatment

    Medical treatment is needed for SARS. Persons suspected of having SARS should be quarantined in a hospital.

    Questions to Ask

    Self-Care / Prevention

    *  Before you travel, check the CDCs Travelers’ Health Web site atwww.cdc.gov/travelfor updates on SARS.

    *  If you will be in close contact with a person infected with SARS, follow infection control measures. Wash your hands often or use alcohol-based hand rubs. If you can, wear a surgical mask. Don’t share eating utensils, towels, etc. For a more complete list of guidelines, accesswww.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars/ic-closecontacts.htm.

    Resources

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

    800.CDC.INFO (232.4636)

    www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars

    World Health Organization (WHO)

    www.who.int/topics/sars/en/

    Healthier at Home book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Safety Tips For Your Teeth

    Dental & Mouth Concerns

    Your teeth are vulnerable to nicks, chips, stains, and strains. To protect your teeth from damage and injury, take these precautions.

    *  Don’t chew ice, pens, or pencils.

    *  Don’t use your teeth to open paper clips or otherwise function as tools.

    *  If you smoke a pipe, don’t bite down on the stem.

    *  If you grind your teeth at night, ask your dentist if you should be fitted for a bite plate to prevent tooth grinding.

    *  If you play contact sports like football or hockey, wear a protective mouth guard.

    *  Always wear a seat belt when riding in a car.

    *  Avoid sucking on lemons or chewing aspirin or vitamin C tablets. The acid wears away tooth enamel.

    Image of man brushing teeth.
    A Year of Health Hints book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine