Blog

  • Cold Sores

    Dental & Mouth Concerns

    Cold sores appear on or near the lips. They are painful and unpleasant. Nearly 1 in 3 people will have them. Cold sores are also called fever blisters.

    Signs & Symptoms

    *  Tingling feeling on or near the lips for 36 to 48 hours before the sore appears

    *  Itching at the site (early sign)

    *  Small, red blisters with pus-filled centers

    *  Blisters form a yellow crust that lasts about 10 days

    *  One sore or a cluster of sores

    Causes, Risk Factors & Care

    Cold sores are caused by the herpes sim- plex virus (HSV), either HSV-1 (this is most often the cause) or HSV-2 (the usual cause of genital herpes). The virus lies dormant in the body and can return. A fever, cold, stress, cold or windy weather, and strong sun exposure are triggers for outbreaks.

    Cold sores are very contagious, especially when the blisters rupture and weep.

    Cold sores are treated with self-care and antiviral medications, such as acyclovir and penciclovir. Prompt treatment may reduce the discomfort.

    Self-Care / Prevention

    *  Keep the sore clean and dry.

    *  Apply antiviral medication, if prescribed, to the affected area at the first sign of a cold sore.

    *  Try an over-the-counter treatment, such as Abreva antiviral cream, Campho-Phenique, Blistex, or make a paste with cornstarch and water. Dab some on the sore with a cotton swab.

    *  Dab aloe vera or petroleum jelly on the sore. Use a cotton swab.

    *  Apply ice to the sore or suck on a frozen popsicle.

    *  Take an over-the-counter medicine for pain.

    *  Learn to relax. Meditate, practice yoga, etc. Learn to deal with stress, too.

    *  Avoid foods that are sour, spicy, or acidic. These may irritate the sores.

    *  Take vitamin C and/or zinc supplements, as directed by your doctor.

    *  Apply cool compresses when the sores have crusted over.

    *  Try not to worry or be too self-conscious. This only makes the situation worse.

    Prevention

    To avoid getting or spreading cold sores:

    *  Don’t share drinking glasses, towels, or cooking utensils.

    *  Don’t touch cold sores with your fingers. If you do touch the cold sores, do not touch your eyes. This could cause a serious eye infection.

    *  Wash your hands often.

    *  Avoid kissing or direct skin contact with the sores. This includes oral sex. The virus that causes cold sores can cause genital herpes, too.

    *  When in the sun, wear a hat and use a sunblock with a sun-protective factor (SPF) of 15 or more on the lips.

    *  Use a lip balm on cold or windy days.

    *  Ask your doctor about a prescribed antiviral medicine to take or apply when you feel a cold sore coming on.

    *  Try to figure out what triggers the sores. Once you identify a trigger, do what you can to avoid it.

    *  Get regular exercise.

    Medical Care

    Contact Doctor When:

    *  You have eye pain with the cold sore. Pain from the sore limits normal activity.

    *  The cold sore has lasted longer than 2 weeks.

    *  Cold sores appear 4 or more times a year.

    *  Cold sores appeared after you started a new medicine or are present while taking steroid medicines.

    *  Eczema

    Healthier at Home book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Cold Hands & Feet

    Skin Conditions

    Signs & Symptoms

    *  Fingers or toes turn pale white or blue, then red, in response to cold temperatures.

    *  Pain when the fingers or toes turn white.

    *  Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet.

    Causes

    Often the cause is unknown and not serious. Cold hands and feet can be a symptom of the conditions that follow.

    *  Poor circulation. This is most often due to diseased arteries.

    *  Raynaud’s disease. This is a disorder that affects the flow of blood to the fingers and sometimes to the toes.

    *  Any underlying disease that affects the blood flow in the tiny blood vessels of the skin. Women who smoke may be more prone to this.

    *  Frostbite.

    *  Stress.

    *  A side effect of taking certain medicines

    *  Cervical rib syndrome. This is a compression of the nerves and blood vessels in the neck that affects the shoulders, arms, and hands.

    Treatment

    Emergency care is needed for frostbite. If a medical condition causes cold hands and/or feet, treatment for the condition is needed.

    Questions to Ask

    Self-Care / Prevention

    *  Don’t smoke. If you smoke, quit.

    *  Avoid caffeine.

    *  Don’t handle cold objects with bare hands. Use ice tongs to pick up ice cubes, etc.

    *  Set your indoor thermostat at 65ºF or higher.

    *  Wear mittens and wool socks to keep hands and feet warm.

    *  Don’t wear tight-fitting footwear.

    *  Wiggle your toes. It may help keep them warm by increasing blood flow.

    *  Stretch your fingers straight out. Swing your arms in large circles like a baseball pitcher warming up for a game. This may increase blood flow to the fingers. Skip this tip if you have bursitis or back problems.

    *  Meditate. Learn and practice biofeedback.

    Healthier at Home book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Cognitive Function

    Brain & Nervous System

    Exam to Assess Mental Status

    A number of tests can assess mental status. A common one used is called “Mini-Mental State Examination.” It was written by M.S. Folstein, S.E. Folstein, and P.R. McHugh. Adapted from this examination are the questions that follow. They were taken from “Working With Your Older Patient: A Clinician’s Handbook” by B. Gaskel, Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health.

    Chart of questions and tasks to assess mental status.
    Health at Home Lifetime book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Cirrhosis: Be Kind To Your Liver

    Abdominal & Urinary Conditions

    The liver is probably the most versatile organ you’ve got. It performs many tasks, including:

    *  Producing bile (a substance that aids digestion of fats).

    *  Producing blood proteins.

    *  Helping blood clot.

    *  Metabolizing cholesterol.

    *  Maintaining normal blood sugar levels.

    *  Forming and storing glycogen (the body’s short-term energy source).

    *  Manufacturing more than 1,000 enzymes necessary for various bodily functions.

    *  Detoxifying substances such as alcohol and many drugs.

    Image of liver with cirrhosis.

    Liver with Cirrhosis

    The liver is equipped to handle a certain amount of alcohol without much difficulty. But drink too much alcohol, too often, for too long, and the vital tissues in the liver break down. Fatty deposits accumulate and scarring occurs. This is known as cirrhosis. It’s most commonly found in men over 45, yet the number of women developing cirrhosis is steadily increasing.

    To make matters worse, people who drink too much generally have poor nutritional habits. Since alcohol replaces food, essential vitamins and minerals are missing from the diet. Malnutrition aggravates cirrhosis.

    While alcohol abuse is the most common cause of cirrhosis, hepatitis, taking certain drugs, or exposure to certain chemicals can also produce this condition.

    Doctors recognize the following as signs of advanced cirrhosis.

    *  Enlarged liver.

    *  Yellowish eyes and skin, and tea-colored urine (indicating jaundice). Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract.

    *  Itching.

    *  Hair loss.

    *  Swelling in the legs and stomach (indicating fluid accumulation).

    *  Tendency to bruise easily.

    *  Mental confusion.

    Cirrhosis can be life threatening, so get medical attention if you suspect your drinking habits may have gotten out of hand or you have any of the above symptoms. And needless to say, you (or anyone you suspect of having cirrhosis) should abstain from alcohol.

    A Year of Health Hints book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Choosing Your Health Care Provider

    Pregnancy & Prenatal Care

    Read the options below. Discuss them with your health insurance carrier. Do this before you get pregnant. Who you choose will partly depend on:

    *  Your health insurance coverage.

    *  You may need to choose from a certain list. Find out who is on it. Ask if there is a waiting period for maternity coverage.

    *  The health care providers in your area

    Your personal wishes are important, too. For example, do you prefer a female or a male provider? Do you want a provider who works alone? Or do you want one in a group practice?

    Where You Can Give Birth

    Where do you want to have your baby? These are places to think about:

    *  Hospitals. There may also be choices within hospitals. These could be:

    – Regular delivery room. Your family may be able to be with you here.

    – Birthing center or birthing room. Your family can be with you here.

    – Special high-risk pregnancy section. Sometimes mothers and newborns need high-risk care. Some hospitals offer high-risk care. Find out what services local hospitals can offer.

    *  Birthing centers not inside hospitals. These are sometimes called alternative birthing centers. They are for low-risk pregnancies. Find out what hospital is used when special needs arise.

    {Note: Your special needs during pregnancy may determine where you can have your baby. Do not plan a home birth. It is not safe for you and your baby.}

    Types of Providers

    *  OB/GYN (obstetrician/gynecologist). This doctor gives prenatal and delivery care. That care ends 6 weeks after delivery. The OB/GYN treats women when they’re not pregnant, too. You may already have an OB/GYN. If you do, you could choose this provider for your pregnancy. Most women choose an OB/GYN. If you belong to an HMO, you may need a referral for an OB/GYN. A referral is when your primary care provider says you need a special doctor. You don’t need a referral if the OB/GYN is your primary care provider. You also don’t need a referral if your HMO lets you pick an OB/GYN plus a primary care provider.

    *  Family practice doctor. A family practice doctor can act as an OB/GYN, an internist, and a pediatrician. That means the provider can give you prenatal care and deliver your baby. You and your child can both go on seeing this same provider afterward. But if you need a cesarean section (c-section), you will need an OB/GYN.

    *  Maternal and fetal medicine specialist. This provider may be needed to help with high-risk pregnancies. Your primary care doctor or your OB/GYN would give you a referral if he or she can’t provide the care needed for your high-risk problems.

    *  Infertility specialist. This provider helps persons who want to get pregnant, but haven’t been able to after trying for a year. You may want to see this doctor if your regular OB/GYN cannot help you with your needs.

    *  Certified nurse-midwife. This provider cares for women with low-risk pregnancies. The nurse-midwife is trained to handle low-risk births. Be sure he or she works with a medical doctor. A lay midwife cannot provide total care. Find out if your insurance will pay for a nurse-midwife. Be sure the midwife is certified. Call the American Midwifery Certification Board (AMCB) at 866.366.9632 or go to its Web site:www.amcbmidwife.org.

    How to Find a Provider

    There are a lot of ways to find providers who might suit you:

    *  Look in the directory of providers from your health insurance carrier.

    *  Ask your regular doctor or specialist.

    *  Do you have any friends who had a baby recently? Are their ideas about having babies like yours? Ask them.

    *  Call information at the hospital you want. Ask for the name and phone number of the nurse in charge of the maternity section. Ask for the name and phone number of a resident in obstetrics who works at that hospital. A resident is a doctor who is in training. Ask for the “Physician Referral Service.” Call any or all of them and ask what doctor(s) they recommend.

    *  Call the medical school closest to you. Ask which obstetricians it recommends.

    *  Ask your county medical society.

    *  Look in the Directory of the American Medical Association. Ask for this at your doctor’s office or library.

    *  Look in the Directory of Medical Specialties for OB/GYNs. Your doctor’s office or library should have this, too.

    *  Look for a doctor who can take care of special needs you may have.

    *  Do you want a doctor with a high interest in prepared childbirth? Prepared childbirth is a special approach. The pregnant mother goes to classes. Her partner or other childbirth “coach” goes with her. They both learn ways of helping the birth happen, like special breathing. The doctor works with the mother in this approach to childbirth.

    How to Follow Up with a Provider

    Have you found some likely prospects? Now you can:

    *  Call the American Board of Medical Specialties at 866.275.2267 or go to its Web site:www.abms.org. Find out if the provider is properly trained and licensed.

    *  Ask yourself some questions.

    – Do you think you could work well with the provider?

    – Does the provider’s office seem to be managed well?

    *  Ask the provider some questions. You may be able to do this on the phone. (You may be charged an office visit for the phone call.) Or you may need to make a date to meet in person. Here are some questions to ask. You will think of others.

    – Does the provider accept your health insurance? What do services cost? How must payment be made? How much do you have to pay?

    – What hospital(s) does the provider use?

    – Is the hospital accredited? The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) does this.

    – Does the hospital have a birthing center or birthing room?

    – Does it have a Level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)?

    – Can fathers and other persons be with you in the delivery room? In the operating room?

    – Will the provider be the one who delivers your baby?

    – Does the provider have partners who share the practice? If so, what would their roles be?

    – Would a resident deliver your baby? A resident is a doctor in training.

    – How would you reach your OB/GYN or health care provider? Would this differ at certain times of day or night? For emergencies?

    – Who would take care of you when your health care provider is away?

    – What is the provider’s Cesarean section (C-section) rate? If the rate is more than 35%, ask why.

    – For what reasons does the provider do a C-section?

    – Does the provider prefer a certain form of pain relief? If so, what and why?

    – At the place you will deliver, can you get anesthetics for an epidural any time of the day or night? An epidural is an anesthesia that can block most of the pain during labor and delivery.

    – What else can be given for pain?

    You can talk to two or more providers. Compare the answers you get. Then you can decide who will give you care and deliver your baby.

    Prenatal Self-Care book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Choose Healthy Foods & Control Your Weight

    Student Health

    Here you are at college. Maybe this is the first time you have lived on your own. Are you wondering what to eat? Worried about gaining weight? Concerned about looking good and staying fit? The food and exercise choices you make will play a major role in helping you not only stay healthy, but also increase your ability to do well in classes.

    A Few Words About the Basics

    Much like a car, your body runs best when supplied with the most efficient source of fuel, in this case – carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are classified as either simple or complex. Simple carbohydrates, often called sugars, occur naturally in some foods, especially fruits. Complex carbohydrates, commonly known as starches, are found in grains (rice, bread, pasta), beans, and vegetables, particularly starchy vegetables, such as potatoes and corn.

    Frequently accused as fattening, carbohydrates are actually very filling and help you maintain a healthy weight. Carbohydrates contain four calories per gram; fats have 9. It would take a man who needs 3,000 calories 30 potatoes to maintain his body weight if no other foods were eaten!

    Carbohydrates are not as easily turned into body fat as are dietary fats because they “burn” more efficiently. Of course, any time you consistently eat more calories (regardless of the source) than you burn, your body will store the excess energy as fat. The guideline is to eat about 55 to 60% of your calories from carbohydrates, primarily complex ones. A good way to visualize this is to have carbohydrate foods occupy two-thirds of the food on your plate.

    Fats add flavor to foods and also help you feel full from a meal. Although fat is one of the most criticized nutrients, some fat in the diet is necessary because it supplies essential fatty acids. The guideline is to eat 30% or less of your calories from fats. This is about 60 to 65 grams of fat per day for the average person.

    How about protein? Protein is found in both animal and plant sources and is an essential nutrient for it is the main structural component of all tissues in the body. The guideline is to eat 10 to 15% of your calories from protein. This amount is easily supplied from foods you eat. Excessive intake of protein (whether from foods or supplements) may actually create health problems and does not lead to greater muscle mass!

    Weight Worries

    Has the fear of “The Freshman Fifteen” set in yet? Weight gain is not an inevitable part of college life. Sometimes, weight gain is even acceptable. Cafeteria meals, fast food, and regular restaurants all offer a variety of healthy food choices. Strive for a balance. If you choose a higher calorie food, such as french fries with a meal, balance it with lower calorie items – vegetables, salad with low-fat dressing, and fresh fruit.

    Don’t forget the other side of the equation which is exercise. Eating right and exercising regularly will keep you in top form. Do exercises that you enjoy. Exercise at least 3 times a week. Choose some form of aerobic exercise, such as walking, swimming, Tai (Tae) Bo, etc. Do stretching and strengthening exercises, too. For more information on exercise, access the Web site:www.fitness.gov.

    Breakfast for Better Grades

    Starting the day with breakfast is the key to learning. People who eat breakfast perform better on cognitive tests, have better verbal fluency, and increased memory. This may not translate into passing college chemistry, but it does give you a fighting chance.

    Eating breakfast also helps you maintain weight. People who eat breakfast generally burn 4 to 6% more calories than people who do not eat breakfast.

    Many students skip breakfast. It is best if you don’t. For breakfast, have whole grain cereal and milk; a breakfast sandwich on whole grain bread; yogurt with granola; cottage cheese with fresh fruit; leftover pizza, or a muffin or bagel with milk and an apple. Take a bagel or pop tart and a juice box to class with you, if you don’t set aside time to eat breakfast.

    Going Vegetarian?

    If you are thinking about trying a vegetarian eating style, you may not know where to begin. Vegetarianism means eating mostly plant foods. If you include dairy and egg products in your eating plan, it is easier to meet your nutrient needs. If you’re a vegan – which means you only eat plant foods – you may need to supplement your diet with calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamins B12 and D.

    Start slowly. Begin by changing some of your favorite recipes – decrease meat and add more pasta, beans, rice, or vegetables. Look for vegetarian meat alternatives, like soy or veggie burgers. Experiment with different types of beans, pasta, and rice. Try red, black, navy, or pinto beans, or split peas and lentils. Look for different types of rice – from plain white to mixed brown and long grain. Top salads with chickpeas or red beans instead of cheese. You will also need to increase fluids, such as water or juices, to help with the increased fiber.

    If you are looking for more information on being a vegetarian, trywww.vrg.org(The Vegetarian Resource Group).

    Resources

    Page from Student Self-Care book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Cholesterol Health

    Heart & Circulation Problems

    Heart shape plate filled with walnuts, tomatoes, apple, garlic, etc.

    Controlling LDL-blood cholesterol levels lowers the risk for coronary heart disease. LDL-cholesterol is called “bad” cholesterol because high levels of it lead to a buildup of cholesterol in the arteries.

    To lower LDL-cholesterol, lose weight if you are overweight; limit saturated fats found in fatty meats high-fat dairy products, and desserts.

    Eat plenty of veggies, fruit, whole grains, beans, and lentils. Take cholesterol lowering medicine as advised. Also, stay physically active, manage stress, get quality sleep, avoid or limit alcohol, and quit tobacco.

    Get your blood cholesterol levels checked as often as advised by your doctor.

    Find out more about cholesterol and following a heart-healthy lifestyle atnhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-cholesterol.

    Health at Home Lifetime book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Choking

    First Aid

    Image of an adult women giving the heimlich maneuver to a child who's choking.

    With choking, the airway is partly or completely blocked. When it is completely blocked, the brain doesn’t get oxygen. Without oxygen, the brain can begin to die in 4 to 6 minutes.

    Signs & Symptoms

    When a person’s airway is completely blocked, he or she:

    *  Can’t talk.

    *  Can’t breathe.

    *  Can’t cough.

    *  May turn blue.

    When a person’s airway is partly blocked, he or she:

    *  Wheezes.

    *  Coughs.

    *  Has fast and/or labored breathing.

    *  Has chest pain when breathing in.

    Causes

    *  Food goes down the windpipe. Small objects get stuck in the throat and airway.

    *  Fluids, such as mucus or liquids, are swallowed the wrong way and block the airway.

    *  Snoring. Choking can occur when the tongue blocks the airway.

    Treatment

    Emergency action is needed for a person who cannot breathe, speak, or cough forcefully. The Heimlich maneuver can expel an object that blocks the airway. It is used for a person who is conscious. Emergency medical care is needed for a person who loses consciousness. Rescue breaths and chest compressions are needed before medical help arrives. Even if the object is expelled, the person should see a doctor or go to a hospital emergency department.

    Questions to Ask

    Self-Care / First Aid

    First Aid for Choking When Able to Breathe and Speak (or an infant or child can cry)

    *  Cough to clear the airway.

    *  Take a slow, deep breath to get a lot of air into the lungs.

    *  Give a deep, forceful cough. Breathe in deeply enough to be able to cough out 2 or 3 times in a row before taking a second breath.

    *  Don’t slap a person on the back. Doing this can drive the object down deeper.

    *  Have the person sit or stand. Bending forward may cause the object to fall against the vocal cords. Get emergency care right away!

    Prevention

    *  Chew all foods well before swallowing. Eat at a slow pace.

    *  Limit alcoholic drinks before you eat. This lessens the chance of swallowing large pieces of food.

    *  If you wear dentures, make sure they fit well. Since your mouth sensation is lessened, you are at a higher risk of choking. Eat slower. Chew food more thoroughly.

    *  Try not to laugh and eat at the same time. Laughing can draw food into the windpipe.

    *  Don’t run or play sports with objects in the mouth.

    *  For children under 5 years old, cut hot dogs, sausages, seedless grapes, and caramels into small pieces before you give these to them. And don’t give them nuts; popcorn; foods with pits, (e.g., cherries); gum (especially bubble gum); hard candy, throat lozenges, and cough drops.

    *  Don’t let your child chew or suck on rubber balloons or pieces of them.

    *  Keep small, solid objects, such as paper clips, away from children 3 years old and younger. Make sure, too, that they don’t get toys that have small parts, such as eyes on stuffed animals, game pieces, dice, etc. A young child should not play with any object smaller than his or her closed fist.

    *  Put childproof latches on cupboards that have harmful items.

    *  Store all medicines and vitamins out of children’s reach and in containers with childproof lids. Keep these items in locked cabinets, if needed.

    *  Remove plastic labels and decals from baby walkers and other kiddy furniture before children can peel them off.

    Healthier at Home book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine

  • Chlamydia

    Sexual Health

    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are ones that pass from one person to another through sexual contact. This can be from vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and from genital-to-genital contact. STIs are also called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

    Signs & Symptoms

    For Females

    In females, chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This can cause infertility. 75% of females have few or no symptoms, but can still transmit the infection. When present, symptoms show up 2 to 4 weeks after infection. They include:

    *  Slight yellowish-green vaginal discharge. Abnormal vaginal bleeding.

    *  Vaginal irritation or pain.

    *  Need to urinate often and pain or burning feeling when passing urine.

    *  Pain in the abdomen.

    For Males

    25% of males have few or no symptoms. When present, symptoms show up 2 to 4 weeks after infection. They include:

    *  Watery, mucous discharge from the penis.

    *  Burning or discomfort when passing urine.

    *  Pain in the scrotum.

    Causes

    A specific bacterial infection.

    Treatment

    *  Oral antibiotics for the infected person and his or her partner(s).

    *  Avoiding sex until treatment is finished in the infected person and his or her partner(s).

    Questions to Ask

    Self-Care / Prevention

    Safer Sex To Help Prevent STIs

    *  The only sure way to avoid STIs is not having sex. This includes intercourse, oral sex, anal sex, and genital-to-genital contact. Caressing, hugging, dry kissing, and masturbation are no risk or extremely low-risk practices. So is limiting your sexual contact to one person your entire life. This is if your partner does not have an STI and has sex only with you.

    *  Latex and polyurethane condoms can help reduce the risk of spreading HIV and other STIs (i.e., chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis). To do this, they must be used the right way for every sex act. They do not get rid of the risk entirely. Barriers made of natural membranes, such as from lamb, do not give good protection against STIs.

    *  Females and males should use latex or polyurethane condoms every time they have genital-to-genital contact and/or oral sex. Use polyurethane condoms if either partner is allergic to latex. You don’t need condoms to prevent STIs if you have sex only with one partner and neither of you has an STI.

    *  For oral-vaginal sex and oral-anal sex, use latex dams (“doilies”). These are latex squares.

    *  Latex condoms with spermicides, such as nonoxynol-9 (N-9) are no better than other lubricated condoms for preventing HIV/STIs. Spermicides with N-9 do not prevent chlamydia, cervical gonorrhea, or HIV. on’t use spermicides alone to prevent HIV/STIs. Using spermicides with N-9 often has been linked with genital lesions which may increase the risk of spreading HIV. Also, N-9 may increase the risk of spreading HIV during anal intercourse.

    *  Use water-based lubricants, such as K-Y Brand Jelly. Don’t use oil-based or “petroleum” ones, such as Vaseline. They can damage latex barriers.

    *  To lower your risk for HPV, use latex or polyurethane condoms. These work best at covering areas of the body that HPV is most likely to affect. A diaphragm does not prevent the spread of HPV.

    *  Don’t have sex while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. You are less likely to use “safer sex” measures.

    *  Limit sexual partners. Sexual contact with many persons increases the risk for STIs, especially if no protection is used.

    *  Discuss a new partner’s sexual history with him or her before you start having sex. Know that persons are not always honest about their sexual past.

    *  Avoid sexual contact with persons whose health status and health practices are not known.

    *  Follow your doctor’s advice to check for STIs.

    Resources

    American Social Health Association (ASHA)

    www.ashastd.org

    CDC National STD Hotline

    800.CDC.INFO (232.4636)

    www.cdc.gov/STD

    Healthier at Home book by the American Institute for Preventive Medicine. www.HealthyLife.com. All rights reserved.

    © American Institute for Preventive Medicine